• Integrasi Fungsional
– Aplikasi yang berbeda sebagai sebuah sistem tunggal
• Lintas MSS yang berbeda atau dalam MSS
– Menangani masalah yang berulang
• Integrasi teknik MSS untuk membangun MSS tertentu
• Integrasi Fisik
– Hardware, software, dan Integrasi komunikasi
• Integrasi Aplikasi
– Data, aplikasi, metode, dan proses
• Mengembangkan tingkat Integrasi
• Integrasi untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas
• Integrasi untuk meningkatkan intelligent tools
Models
• Integrasi expert systems dan DSS
– Expert systems disatukan dengan DSS
• ES 1: Database intelligent component
• ES 2: Intelligent agent for model base and management
• ES 3: System for improving user interface
• ES 4: Consultant to DSS
• ES 5: Consultant to users
– Usually, only one or two are attached
– Expert system sebagai komponen terpisah
• Output dari Expert systems sebagai input bagi DSS
• Output DSS sebagai input bagi expert system
• Feedback
– Expert systems generation of alternatives to DSS
– Unified approach
– Tight integration due to shared interfaces and resources
– Shared decision-making
• Expandable to other intelligent systems
– Can integrate EIS, DSS and expert systems
• Information from EIS is inputted into DSS
• DSS feedback to EIS
• Expert system used for interpretation, explanation
Intelligent DSS
• Active DSS
– Intelligent component
• Symbiotic
• Understands domain and provides explanations
• Helps formulate problems
• Relates problems to solver
• Interprets results
• Explains results and decisions
• Self-evolving DSS
– Aware of how it is being used and adapts to needs of use
• Dynamic menus
• User interface
• Intelligent model-based management system
• Problem management
– Automate processes by dividing into smaller steps
– Specific architecture to support functional requirements
Intelligent Modeling
• Intelligence added to allow input of expertise
• Multiple models available
• Construction
– Simplify real world situation
• Less complex version of reality
• Use of models
– Some judgmental values
– Expert systems supply sensitivity analysis
– Expert systems provide result explanations, patterns, anomalies
• Most based on quantitative models
Integration
• Meningkatkan fungsionalitas
• Menjadikan enterprise systems lebih user friendly
• Fleksibilitas yang lebih baik
• Menghemat uang dengan mengintegrasikan berbagai sistem
• Memungkinkan integrasi dari beberapa sistem fungsional dengan mudah
• ERP
• Integrates analytical capabilities
• Supply chain systems
• Enhance capabilities
• Optimize tools
• Knowledge management systems
• Communication, collaboration, storage
• DSS integration
• Intelligent systems integration
• Data mining tools with manufacturing systems
• DSS and learning systems
• Data mining with business modeling
Issues
• Cost-benefit justifications
• Feasibility
• Architecture choices
– Infrastructure
– Development process and tools
– Connectivity
– Web-based integration
• Data issues
• Legal issues and privacy
• New technology introduction, integration
Impacts of MSS
• Organizational
– Budaya
– Terciptanya departemen baru
– Virtual teams
– Business process reengineering
• Business simulation tools
– Produksi meningkat
– Kepuasan pelanggan meningkat
– Kualitas meningkat
– Mengembangkan Supply chain management
– Meningkatkan kinerja manajer dan karyawan
• Individual
– Kepuasan kerja meningkat
– Negative effect on individuality
• Dehumanization
– Job stress
– Lack of cooperation by expert
• Societal
– Positive effects
• Reduction or elimination of humans in hazardous positions
• Increased opportunities for disabled, home bound, and single parents
• Telecommuting
• Improved health care
• Improved quality of life
– Negative effects
• Computer fraud and embezzlement
• Identity theft
• Neglect of family
• Increased power due to increased centralization of organizations
Legal and Privacy Issues
• Antitrust
• Unfair competition
• Unreasonable personal intrusion
– Collection of information about individuals
• Ethics
– Personal values
• Intellectual property rights
– Copyright
– Trademarks
– Domain names
– Patents
• Computer abuse
• Electronic surveillance
• Use of proprietary databases
• Data integrity
Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
• Increased employment through newly created MSS-related jobs
• Massive unemployment through automation of processes
• Social implications
– Increased leisure time
– Government intervention with employment levels
– Increased wealth
Internet Communities
• Groups of people with common interests
• Interact through Internet
• Types
– Communities of transactions
• Facilitate buying and selling
– Communities of interest
• Based on specific topic
– Communities of relations
• Organized around life experiences
– Communities of fantasy
• Based on imaginary environments
• Game playing
Digital Divide
• Growing gap between those who have and those who do not have access to technology
• Exists within and between countries
Future of MSS
• MSS is becoming a Web-based technology
• Combining and integration with business intelligence
• BI is being combined with a number of Web-based applications
• Intelligent systems are being employed in the war against terrorism
• Web-based advisory services are being developed
• More complex MSS applications are being developed
• Trend toward increasing intelligence of systems
• Pervasive computing
• MSS are being disseminated via ASPs
• Natural language based search engines
• Semantic web
• Voice technologies are being enriched through use of MSS
• CRM improvement
• Improvement along supply chain through integration with ERP
• Expertise availability on Internet
• Initiation of formal knowledge-management programs
• More intelligent agents on Internet and other networks
• Greater use of wireless technologies
• Intelligent agents will roam the Internet, intranets, and extranets to monitor information and assist in decision-making
• Increase in groupware technologies for collaboration and communication
• DSS for e-commerce
• Decision-support tools for e-commerce will be expanded
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